Orthopaedic surgery is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system, such as bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles and nerves.
Spine surgery is a subspecialty of orthopaedic surgery that focuses on the surgical management of spinal disorders, such as scoliosis, herniated discs, spinal stenosis, spinal tumors and spinal trauma.
Joint replacement surgery is another subspecialty of orthopaedic surgery that involves replacing a damaged or diseased joint with an artificial one, usually made of metal, plastic or ceramic.